米歇尔Morneau

华纳教授

英语112 b

4 December 2012

学习单元：希腊神话和英雄神话

介绍

            从古代到现在，希腊神话和英雄神话都出现在经典文学中。它们的永恒和普遍性在詹姆斯·乔伊斯等小说的流行中得到了体现《尤利西斯》还有查尔斯·弗雷泽的冷山除了一些电影，电视和小说的年轻人。The study of Greek mythology in the classroom prepares students for academic reading and writing in the higher grades because it provides the foundation of Western literature. Reading and knowing these myths helps students to discover literary allusions and find the underlying connections between texts. While Greek mythology might appear unfamiliar and possibly daunting to students at first, it is important to remind them that they may have already been exposed to these stories through modern retellings.

            这个学习单元为学生提供了古典文学的概述，重点是希腊英雄神话。在英雄神话中，我选择了荷马的史诗《奥德赛》 as the central text because of its prevalence in high school English curriculums and because of its many literary and film adaptations. With this unit of study, students will gain a greater understanding of Greek mythology and recognize its significance in contemporary works of literature. To expand the unit, I have included texts that are frequently taught in the higher grade级别除了列出资源从电影，电视和青少年文学。The unit should ultimately prepare students for future academic reading in addition to helping them develop an appreciation for Greek mythology and hero myths. Ideally, the young adult literature that I have included within the unit will spark their interest in the subject and encourage their own literacy.

启动小组

� Begin this unit with a classroom activity: ask students what they know about Greek mythology or Greek heroes and list their responses on the board. 讨论为什么这些知识很重要，以及它们与自己的生活有什么关系。It may be useful to ask them thought-provoking questions that relate to the hero myths and to The Odyssey in particular such as "how far would you be willing to go to return home to your friends and family?" and, conversely, "for how long would you wait for a loved one to return home? 如果你是唯一一个相信他或她还活着,他还回家?”

� Introduce widely read books of Robert Fagles' translation of The Odyssey such as "Book One: Athena Inspires the Prince"(77),"Book Nine: In the One-Eyed Giant's Cave"(211), "Book Ten: The Bewitching Queen of Aeaea"(230), "Book Twelve: The Cattle of the Sun"(271), "Book Twenty-One: Odysseus Strings His Bow"(424), and "Book Twenty-Two: Slaughter in the Hall" (439). 计划每周在课堂上或作为家庭作业读一到两本。从这些书中选择重要的部分，或者在学术教科书中找到它们，比如亚瑟·阿普尔比等人的《文学语言》，可能是个好主意。If time allows, introduce them to the stories of Theseus, Perseus, Hercules, Eurydice, Psyche, and Persephone. 这些故事可以在奥维德的《变形记》或托马斯·布尔芬奇的《希腊罗马神话》等插图选集中找到。

� As the class reads these selections, they can respond to the following related prompts from The Language of Literature. 这些可以是持续的沉默写作或与伙伴或小组的课堂活动。

 

《奥德赛》�:

 

第九卷：“写一到两篇日记，让奥德修斯的一个船员描述这一段的事件”（915）。

 

“独眼巨人是如何看待这些事件的？”尝试写一个草稿的集波吕斐摩斯可能告诉它”(915)。

 

�“如果波吕斐摩斯没有领公羊进洞穴,奥德修斯和他的手下逃脱了会如何?”(915)

 

第10卷：“描述喀耳刻捕获奥德修斯手下的故事，这个故事可能会出现在超市的小报上”（927）。

 

——第22卷：“想想现代社会的追求者——一个严肃的，比如一群恐怖分子或街头帮派，或者一个幽默的，比如一车不受欢迎的亲戚。然后……创建一个百年一遇的故事情节大纲,有关如何,作为一个史诗般的英雄或女主人公,摆脱入侵者。”(966)。

 

 

 

For additional myths (see selection above):    

 

许多英雄神话都将怪物和怪物生物作为考验英雄勇气和能力的挑战。当我们阅读这些神话时，我们可以确定这些怪物代表了现实生活中的挑战和障碍。What is the monster in your life? 你会做什么或者你打算怎么做来克服它？

——像奥德修斯和珀尔修斯这样的英雄会得到神或女神的帮助。for example, Athena guides Odysseus homeward and Hermes lends Perseus his sandals and helmet to face Medusa. 在你的生活中，谁是一个类似的帮助人物？How has this figure helped you, and what role or roles did he or she play?

� Consider the adaptations of hero myths that you've seen or read of in the past. 怎样才能有效地改编一部经典作品？哪些元素是必须保留的，哪些元素可以很容易地改变或省略？

 

读书讲座：学生阅读一部复述或与其中一个英雄神话有关的当代作品，并将其与原始神话一起呈现给全班。Selections from young adult literature are acceptable and encouraged (see Suggestions for Further Reading and Viewing.) 演讲者描述他或她的选择如何应用于课堂阅读。

 

文学典故：在这个课堂活动中，学生们在最近的文学作品中找到对英雄神话的参考。莎士比亚戏剧、18世纪小说和浪漫主义诗歌经常包含对希腊英雄和神话的典故，学生可以在节选或选集中寻找这些。Students create a list of the references they find and discuss how the references contribute to the literary work.

 

扩大单位

� Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. 《远大前程》讲述了皮普在一位神秘恩人的帮助下前往伦敦后长大成人的故事。在《作为古典文学补充的青少年文学》一书中，莱拉·克里斯坦伯里解释说，皮普经历了与奥德修斯类似的英雄之旅。She writes that "Pip...就像所有神话英雄一样，离开熟悉的地方，家乡，部落，去冒险接受考验”（121）。这样，《远大前程》就像维多利亚时代的《奥德赛》，讲述了皮普自己的自我发现之旅和随后的回家之路。

——查尔斯·弗雷泽《冷山》在这部当代小说中，弗雷泽将《奥德赛》设定为内战时期，一个名叫因曼的南部邦联士兵独自穿越蓝岭山脉，去和他心爱的艾达团聚。这可能更适合11年级和12年级，因为它的黑暗内容和有时难以理解的语言。

——詹姆斯·乔伊斯《尤利西斯》乔伊斯通过一群都柏林人日常生活的视角重述了《奥德赛》。Like Cold Mountain, Ulysses would be more appropriate for the higher grade levels, and it would be advisable to assign only certain excerpts for study.

——选自《广景诗选》：阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生的《吃荷花的人》和《尤利西斯》。丁尼生用抒情的、浪漫主义的语言来呈现《奥德赛》中的场景。Because "The Lotos-Eaters" is fairly long, it would be wise to introduce only sections of this poem.

建议进一步阅读和查看(所有产品评论来自Amazon.com)

小说:

� Wintergirls by Laurie Halse Anderson. 利亚和卡西是最好的朋友，冬天的女孩在脆弱的身体冷冻，竞争对手在一个致命的比赛，看看谁可以最瘦。But then Cassie suffers the ultimate loss-her life-and Lia is left behind, haunted by her friend's memory and racked with guilt for not being able to help save her. 在这部自《说话》以来最感人的小说中，获奖作家劳里·哈尔斯·安德森探索了莉亚的挣扎，她痛苦的康复之路，以及她不顾一切地坚持最重要的东西：希望的努力。This novel provides an intriguing parallel to the story of Persephone in the underworld.

——弗朗西斯卡·莉亚·布洛克（Francesca Lia Block）的《穿着裙子的Psyche》。“赛姬知道爱的芬芳，有茉莉花的味道，有新鲜橙子的味道。然而，他是短暂而脆弱的，很快就失去了她。Punished by self-doubt, Psyche yearns to be transformed, like the beautiful and brutal figures in the myths her lover once spoke of. Attempting to uncover beauty in the darkness, she is challenged, tested, and changed by the gods and demons who tempt her. Her faith must be found again, for if she is to love, she must never look back" (Amazon). 这个系列的故事设定在洛杉矶提供了一个现代版的一些最受欢迎的希腊神话。多秀少秀

� The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. "In the ruins of a place once known as North America lies the nation of Panem, a shining Capitol surrounded by twelve outlying districts. The Capitol is harsh and cruel and keeps the districts in line by forcing them all to send one boy and one girl between the ages of twelve and eighteen to participate in the annual Hunger Games, a fight to the death on live TV. 16岁的凯特尼斯·伊夫狄恩（Katniss Everdeen）独自与母亲和妹妹生活在一起，当她被迫代表自己的选区参加奥运会时，她认为这等于判了死刑。But Katniss has been close to dead and survival, for her, is second nature. 无意中，她成为了竞争者。But if she is to win, she will have to start making choices that weigh survival against humanity and life against love"Show More Show Less (Amazon). Students could discover the parallels between The Hunger Games and the myth of Theseus and the Labyrinth.

——《安保：美国印第安人的奥德赛》，詹姆斯·海沃特著。“安宝年轻、英俊、勇敢——任何一个少女都会自豪地称他为丈夫的。任何一个少女，除了蔻蔻蔻米伊，也就是说，谁声称她只属于太阳。于是，安宝动身前往太阳宫，请求允许他娶他所爱的女人。但安宝的旅程并不轻松。在他到达太阳之前，阿纳波必须及时回到世界的黎明。他必须重温自己的创造，冒险通过世界之下的世界，并与许多神奇的神秘生物的美洲原住民传说。For only by doing so can Anpao discover who he really is, and rove to the Sun why he alone is worthy of the fair Ko-komik-e-is"Show More Show Less (Amazon).

在《寻找意义的青少年：挖掘故事的强大资源》一书中，玛丽·华纳（Mary Warner）解释说：“这本书将是研究希腊和罗马神话的好伴侣……如果你让学生写一个神话，加入一个美国文化可能会帮助学生找到更多的相关性”（253）。

《直到我们有脸：C.S.刘易斯重新讲述的一个神话》c·s·刘易斯一生都被丘比特和普赛克的神话所困扰，他写了这部最后一部非凡的小说，通过普赛克的妹妹奥鲁厄的凝视，重述了他们的故事。Disfigured and embittered, Orual loves her younger sister to a fault and suffers deeply when she is sent away to Cupid, the God of the Mountain. 普赛克被禁止看神的脸，但在她姐姐的劝说下她看了；她因背叛而被放逐。奥瑞尔独自一人在权力上成长，却从未在爱情上成长，也从未对诸神的沉默感到惊奇。只有在她生命的最后，在她失去的心爱妹妹的幻象中，她才会听到一个答案。”

——《珀西·杰克逊和奥林匹亚人：闪电窃贼》，里克·赖尔登著。12岁的珀西·杰克逊因为又一次与只有他看得见的神话怪物发生冲突而被另一所学校开除，他被带到混血营地，在那里他终于了解了自己独特能力的真相：他是半神、半人、半不朽的。Even more stunning: His father is the Greek god Poseidon, ruler of the sea, making Percy one of the most powerful demigods alive. There's little time to process this news. All too soon, a cryptic prophecy from the Oracle sends Percy on his first quest, a mission to the Underworld to prevent a war among the gods of Olympus" (Amazon).

电影:

——《诸神之战》（1981）。“哈里·哈姆林饰演希腊英雄珀尔修斯，他为了从可怕的卡利波斯手中拯救一位美丽的公主而与致命的美杜莎战斗”（亚马逊）。这是一部相当准确地改编自珀尔修斯神话的电影。

哦，兄弟，你在哪里？(2000)。The Coen brothers' adaptation of The Odyssey sets Odysseus and his men in the rural Depression-era South. Because of its "R" rating, it would be best to show select scenes from this film.

� Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010). 这部电影改编自瑞克·赖尔丹的畅销青少年系列丛书的第一部。

电视:

——《奥德赛》（1997）。这是荷马史诗原作的经典呈现，有许多相关的场景。

� The Storyteller: Greek Myths (1990). 在这个简短的系列中，吉姆·汉森用木偶戏和其他特效改编了流行的希腊神话。这对低年级的学生来说是很理想的。

作品的引用

Amazon.com。亚马逊，2012年12月1日。Web. 1 December 2012.

安德森,劳里Halse．Wintergirls． 纽约：维京出版社，2009。打印。

Applebee， Arthur等人。The Language of Literature．伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿：麦克道格尔Littell Inc, 2006.

Block, Francesca Lia. Psyche in a Dress. New York: HarperCollins, 2006. 打印。

Bulfinch, Thomas. 希腊和罗马神话．纽约：企鹅出版社，1979。打印。

Christenbury, Leila. “离家回家：《远大前程》和三部青年小说中英雄的追求”青少年文学作为古典文学的补充。Vol.1. Ed. Joan F. Kaywell. 诺伍德，马萨诸塞州：克里斯托弗-戈登出版公司，1993年。打印。

Dickens, Charles. 远大前程》． New York: Bantam, 2003. 打印。

弗雷泽,查尔斯。冷山． New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997. 打印。

Goldrick-Jones, Amanda, and Rosengarten Herbert, ed. The Broadview Anthology of Poetry. 果园公园，纽约：Broadview出版社，1993。打印。

荷马。《奥德赛》． 反式。罗伯特。菲戈． 纽约：企鹅出版社，1996。打印。

Joyce, James. 《尤利西斯》． New York: Vintage Books, 1986. 打印。

Lewis, C.S. 直到我们有脸：一个重新讲述的神话． 奥兰多：哈考特，1984。打印。

Riordan, Rick. 珀西·杰克逊和奥林匹亚人：闪电窃贼． New York: Hyperion,      2006. 打印。

玛丽·沃纳。青少年 in the Search for Meaning: Tapping the Powerful Resource of          故事． Lanham, MA: The Scarecrow Press Inc, 2006. 打印。